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metal (with lesser carbon written content than pig iron but over wrought iron) was 1st manufactured in antiquity by utilizing a bloomery. Blacksmiths in Luristan in western Persia had been creating very good steel by a thousand BC. رسوب حاصل حاوی کک خواهد بود و ترکیبات فرار نیز از آن جدا می‌شوند